重建天堂鎮:林火之難後的加利福尼亞

《重建天堂鎮》是一個從生態學角度思考的設計作品，主要目的為促進建築設計師對防火韌性設計的重新探討。研究與設計的起點在於美國加州2017年受難的天堂鎮：95%受損的建築物體現了現有設計的微不足道；三年後仍是荒島的小鎮也面臨了重建家園的挑戰。作品從災難的原根中（堅韌性強的林火生態系統）獲得了啟發，將通過大自然的韌性原則取出更佳的防火設計建築方案，從中嘗試建造出一個更頑強的天堂鎮。

Rebuilding Paradise is a project that approaches wildfire resilient design from an ecological perspective; it taps on resilience in ecology as a way to evoke new discourse on the conventional idea of hyper-defensive resilient design.

To better understand the magnitude of the wildfire crisis, the project looks to California, the American state under the highest wildfire risk. In 2018, the Camp Fire ravaged through the town of Paradise, decimating 95% of structures in its wake. The tragedy sets the precedent for this project in attempting to design for an alternative solution for wildfire vulnerable, suburban towns like Paradise.

中心與中心碑公廁改建

Reconstruction of Public Toilets in the Center and the Center Monument

哭訴之嶼

KUSU "Green"

戀轉圜-首都慾望互文

Love spinning round - Intertextuality of desire in the metropolis

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順著城市發展與大自然的交觸，森林之火對與郊區建築物的威脅再近年成為了美國加利福尼亞州的關注話題。為了讓靠近大自然的郊區更頑強的應對林火的災害，建築設計也對於各種防火石材與結構進行了詳細研究，築城了各種堅如磐石的防火建築。雖然嚴謹保護的態度是韌性設計的方法之一，但過於防備性的設計不僅隔離與淡化了郊區居民與大自然的交互，也減低了郊區的宜居性。此作品在火災每況愈下的催促下，向防火韌性設計的現狀進行更深入的探討，並且為韌性設計提出了另一定義。

作品地點為美國加州在2017年受難的天堂鎮。火災後的小鎮成為了荒島，但在無人之境的情況下，堅韌性強的大自然已漸漸的重生。生態系統的植物進化特徵對林火的打擊有著與人類不同的對待：與其把林火當成一項非避免不可的天災，不如像林火生態植物一樣，接受林火在大自然裡不可或缺的腳色，並在建築設計方面對它的發生所做出應變。

《重建天堂鎮》採用了一個把林火植物的頑強特徵翻譯成建築元素的設計框架，在區域策劃，住宅建築，和防火設施建築提出設計構想。在設計藍圖裡，防火植物的高樹葉含水量成為了雙層ETFE含水立面、不易燃的樹皮結構成為了混凝土核心樓、而藉助火勢放萌的特徵則成為了利用火候回收木材重建的半戶外陽台等等。

As urban habitats and natural landscapes become increasingly intermixed, wildfires that are capable of devastating entire towns and communities have become

commonplace in wildland-urban interface areas. This thesis takes a critical relook at wildfire resilience by understanding the wildfire crisis in the Californian

context, where the pursuit towards aggressively fortifying urban habitats has become modus operandi. In proposing the alternative premise of wildfire

inevitability and reframing the idea of resilience towards one that designs for wildfire-adapted rather than wildfire-resistant communities, this project takes

reference to resilient wildfire ecosystems as its architectural design framework.

Ecosystems have long been regarded as optimised, disturbance-acclimatised systems: considering that wildfire adapted forests have fared far better than its urban

counterparts in surviving fires, there is much to be learnt from ecology when it comes to urban resilience. Therefore, by deconstructing the adaptive features and

time-specific mechanisms that make up the ecological model of fire adapted ecosystems, a prototype for its urban-architectural equivalent was envisioned. This

prototype takes on the form of a strategically vulnerable, regenerative suburban community situated in Paradise, a town left crippled by one of California’s most

destructive fires.

Ultimately, the vision for Rebuilding Paradise brings forward an alternative way of approaching wildfire resilience from an ecological perspective that allows

suburban communities and their surrounding ecological systems to coexist synchronously with one another. It is a rebuttal against the typically loss-adverse,

hyper-defensive narrative for resilience, proposing instead for an approach of targeted loss and regeneration.

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